Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg strains (JF6X01.0022/XbaI.0251, JF6X01.0326/XbaI.1966, JF6X01.0258/XbaI.1968, and JF6X01.0045/XbaI.1970) have been identified in the United States with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Our examination of isolates showed introduction of these strains in the Netherlands and highlight the need for active surveillance and intervention strategies by public health organizations.
Ahead of Print -Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Strains, the Netherlands1 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Thursday, May 26, 2016
Ahead of Print -Tropheryma whipplei as a Cause of Epidemic Fever, Senegal, 2010–2012 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
The bacterium Tropheryma whipplei, which causes Whipple disease in humans, is commonly detected in the feces of persons in Africa. It is also associated with acute infections. We investigated the role of T. whippleiin febrile patients from 2 rural villages in Senegal. During June 2010–March 2012, we collected whole-blood finger-prick samples from 786 febrile and 385 healthy villagers. T. whipplei was detected in blood specimens from 36 (4.6%) of the 786 febrile patients and in 1 (0.25%) of the 385 apparently healthy persons. Of the 37T. whipplei cases, 26 (70.2%) were detected in August 2010. Familial cases and a potential new genotype were observed. The patients’ symptoms were mainly headache (68.9%) and cough (36.1%). Our findings suggest that T. whipplei is a cause of epidemic fever in Senegal.
Ahead of Print -Tropheryma whipplei as a Cause of Epidemic Fever, Senegal, 2010–2012 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Tropheryma whipplei as a Cause of Epidemic Fever, Senegal, 2010–2012 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Identification of Streptococcus suis Meningitis through Population-Based Surveillance, Togo, 2010–2014 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
During 2010–2014, we enrolled 511 patients with suspected bacterial meningitis into surveillance in 2 districts of northern Togo. We identified 15 persons with Streptococcus suis infection; 10 had occupational contact with pigs, and 12 suffered neurologic sequelae. S. suis testing should be considered in rural areas of the African meningitis belt.
Ahead of Print -Identification of Streptococcus suis Meningitis through Population-Based Surveillance, Togo, 2010–2014 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Identification of Streptococcus suis Meningitis through Population-Based Surveillance, Togo, 2010–2014 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Around the World in 1,475 Salmonella Geo-serotypes - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
It’s easy to remember Salmonella serotypes names, isn’t it? Surely, this is because the naming system ofSalmonella serotypes is by far the most scientist friendly. Traditionally, most Salmonella serotypes have been named after geographic locations. We decided to explore the geographic locations to which Salmonellaserotypes refer and describe some unexpected twists in the naming scheme. We found that 93% (n = 1,475) of the 1,585 serotypes could be categorized as geo-serotypes; that is, the name refers to a geographic location. The 3 countries with the most geo-serotypes are Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Other serotype names refer to the name of a person, animal, tribe, or food item or are a composite of symptoms and host. The Salmonella serotypes naming scheme has had a valuable effect on public health microbiology, and in the current era of fast development of whole-genome sequencing, it should remain a reference.
Ahead of Print -Around the World in 1,475 Salmonella Geo-serotypes - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Around the World in 1,475 Salmonella Geo-serotypes - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Clinical Manifestations of Senecavirus A Infection in Neonatal Pigs, Brazil, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We identified new clinical manifestations associated with Senecavirus A infection in neonatal piglets in Brazil in 2015. Immunohistochemical and molecular findings confirmed the association of Senecavirus A with these unusual clinical signs and more deaths. Other possible disease agents investigated were not associated with these illnesses.
Ahead of Print -Clinical Manifestations of Senecavirus A Infection in Neonatal Pigs, Brazil, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Clinical Manifestations of Senecavirus A Infection in Neonatal Pigs, Brazil, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Increased Mortality Rates Associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Influenza Co-infection, Maryland and Iowa, USA1 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We retrospectively analyzed data for 195 respiratory infection patients who had positive Staphyloccocus aureus cultures and who were hospitalized in 2 hospitals in Iowa and Maryland, USA, during 2003–2009. Odds for death for patients who also had influenza-positive test results were >4 times higher than for those who had negative influenza test results.
Ahead of Print -Increased Mortality Rates Associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Influenza Co-infection, Maryland and Iowa, USA1 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Increased Mortality Rates Associated with Staphylococcus aureus and Influenza Co-infection, Maryland and Iowa, USA1 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Staphylococcus aureus Regulatory RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Bloodstream Infections - Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium and pathogen. Identifying biomarkers for the transition from colonization to disease caused by this organism would be useful. Several S. aureus small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate virulence. We investigated presence and expression of 8 sRNAs in 83 S. aureus strains from 42 patients with sepsis or septic shock and 41 asymptomatic colonized carriers. Small pathogenicity island sRNAs sprB and sprC were clade specific. Six sRNAs had variable expression not correlated with clinical status. Expression of RNAIII was lower in strains from septic shock patients than in strains from colonized patients. When RNAIII was associated with expression of sprD, colonizing strains could be discriminated from strains in patients with bloodstream infections, including patients with sepsis and septic shock. Isolates associated with colonization might have sRNAs with target expression different from those of disease isolates. Monitoring expression of RNAIII and sprD could help determine severity of bloodstream infections.
Ahead of Print -Staphylococcus aureus Regulatory RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Bloodstream Infections - Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Staphylococcus aureus Regulatory RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Bloodstream Infections - Volume 22, Number 9—September 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Time Course of MERS-CoV Infection and Immunity in Dromedary Camels - Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Knowledge about immunity to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels is essential for infection control and vaccination. A longitudinal study of 11 dam–calf pairs showed that calves lose maternal MERS-CoV antibodies 5–6 months postparturition and are left susceptible to infection, indicating a short window of opportunity for vaccination.
Ahead of Print -Time Course of MERS-CoV Infection and Immunity in Dromedary Camels - Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Time Course of MERS-CoV Infection and Immunity in Dromedary Camels - Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Friday, May 20, 2016
Thursday, May 5, 2016
Listeria outbreak leads to massive frozen food recall — RT America
Hundreds of frozen fruit and vegetable products are being recalled after federal health officials linked them to an outbreak of listeria that has sickened up to eight people in three states. Two of the people affected have died.
Listeria outbreak leads to massive frozen food recall — RT America
Listeria outbreak leads to massive frozen food recall — RT America
Wednesday, May 4, 2016
Tuesday, May 3, 2016
Ahead of Print -Exposure-Specific and Age-Specific Attack Rates for Ebola Virus Disease in Ebola-Affected Households, Sierra Leone - Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Using histories of household members of Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors in Sierra Leone, we calculated risk of EVD by age and exposure level, adjusting for confounding and clustering, and estimated relative risks. Of 937 household members in 94 households, 448 (48%) had had EVD. Highly correlated with exposure, risk ranged from 83% for touching a corpse to 8% for minimal contact and varied by age group: 43% for children <2 years of age; 30% for those 5–14 years of age; and >60% for adults >30 years of age. Compared with risk for persons 20–29 years of age, exposure-adjusted relative risks were lower for those 5–9 (0.70), 10–14 (0.64), and 15–19 (0.71) years of age but not for children <2 (0.92) or 2–4 (0.97) years of age. Lower risk for 5–19-year-olds, after adjustment for exposure, suggests decreased susceptibility in this group.
Ahead of Print -Exposure-Specific and Age-Specific Attack Rates for Ebola Virus Disease in Ebola-Affected Households, Sierra Leone - Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Exposure-Specific and Age-Specific Attack Rates for Ebola Virus Disease in Ebola-Affected Households, Sierra Leone - Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Time Lags between Exanthematous Illness Attributed to Zika Virus, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and Microcephaly, Salvador, Brazil - Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Zika virus infection emerged as a public health emergency after increasing evidence for its association with neurologic disorders and congenital malformations. In Salvador, Brazil, outbreaks of acute exanthematous illness (AEI) attributed to Zika virus, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and microcephaly occurred in 2015. We investigated temporal correlations and time lags between these outbreaks to identify a common link between them by using epidemic curves and time series cross-correlations. Number of GBS cases peaked after a lag of 5–9 weeks from the AEI peak. Number of suspected cases of microcephaly peaked after a lag of 30–33 weeks from the AEI peak, which corresponded to time of potential infections of pregnant mothers during the first trimester. These findings support the association of GBS and microcephaly with Zika virus infection and provide evidence for a temporal relationship between timing of arboviral infection of pregnant women during the first trimester and birth outcome.
Ahead of Print -Time Lags between Exanthematous Illness Attributed to Zika Virus, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and Microcephaly, Salvador, Brazil - Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Time Lags between Exanthematous Illness Attributed to Zika Virus, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and Microcephaly, Salvador, Brazil - Volume 22, Number 8—August 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Monday, May 2, 2016
Ahead of Print -Changes in Childhood Pneumonia Hospitalizations by Race and Sex Associated with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the childhood immunization schedule was associated with decreases in all-cause pneumonia hospitalizations among black and white children in Tennessee, USA. Although racial disparities that existed before introduction of these vaccines have been substantially reduced, rates remain higher in boys than in girls among young children.
Ahead of Print -Changes in Childhood Pneumonia Hospitalizations by Race and Sex Associated with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Changes in Childhood Pneumonia Hospitalizations by Race and Sex Associated with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Integration of Genomic and Other Epidemiologic Data to Investigate and Control a Cross-Institutional Outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Single-strain outbreaks of Streptococcus pyogenes infections are common and often go undetected. In 2013, two clusters of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infection were identified in independent but closely located care homes in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. Investigation included visits to each home, chart review, staff survey, microbiologic sampling, and genome sequencing. S. pyogenes emm type 1.0, the most common circulating type nationally, was identified from all cases yielding GAS isolates. A tailored whole-genome reference population comprising epidemiologically relevant contemporaneous isolates and published isolates was assembled. Data were analyzed independently using whole-genome multilocus sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses. Six isolates from staff and residents of the homes formed a single cluster that was separated from the reference population by both analytical approaches. No further cases occurred after mass chemoprophylaxis and enhanced infection control. Our findings demonstrate the ability of 2 independent analytical approaches to enable robust conclusions from nonstandardized whole-genome analysis to support public health practice.
Ahead of Print -Integration of Genomic and Other Epidemiologic Data to Investigate and Control a Cross-Institutional Outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Integration of Genomic and Other Epidemiologic Data to Investigate and Control a Cross-Institutional Outbreak of Streptococcus pyogenes - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Debate Regarding Oseltamivir Use for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
A debate about the market-leading influenza antiviral medication, oseltamivir, which initially focused on treatment for generally mild illness, has been expanded to question the wisdom of stockpiling for use in future influenza pandemics. Although randomized controlled trial evidence confirms that oseltamivir will reduce symptom duration by 17–25 hours among otherwise healthy adolescents and adults with community-managed disease, no randomized controlled trial s have examined the effectiveness of oseltamivir against more serious outcomes. Observational studies, although criticized on methodologic grounds, suggest that oseltamivir given early can reduce the risk for death by half among persons hospitalized with confirmed infection caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H5N1) viruses. However, available randomized controlled trial data may not be able to capture the effect of oseltamivir use among hospitalized patients with severe disease. We assert that data on outpatients with relatively mild disease should not form the basis for policies on the management of more severe disease.
Ahead of Print -Debate Regarding Oseltamivir Use for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Debate Regarding Oseltamivir Use for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Scarlet Fever Upsurge in England—Molecular-Genetic Analysis in North-West London, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Scarlet fever notifications surged across the United Kingdom in spring 2014. Molecular epidemiologic investigation of Streptococcus pyogenes infections in North-West London highlighted increased emm4 andemm3 infections coincident with the upsurge. Unlike outbreaks in other countries, antimicrobial resistance was uncommon, highlighting an urgent need to better understand the drivers of scarlet fever activity.
Ahead of Print -Scarlet Fever Upsurge in England—Molecular-Genetic Analysis in North-West London, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Scarlet Fever Upsurge in England—Molecular-Genetic Analysis in North-West London, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
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