Thursday, March 31, 2016
Ahead of Print -Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds during Outbreaks in Domestic Poultry, Minnesota, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
In 2015, a major outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection devastated poultry facilities in Minnesota, USA. To clarify the role of wild birds, we tested 3,139 waterfowl fecal samples and 104 sick and dead birds during March 9–June 4, 2015. HPAIV was isolated from a Cooper’s hawk but not from waterfowl.
Ahead of Print -Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds during Outbreaks in Domestic Poultry, Minnesota, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Surveillance for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Birds during Outbreaks in Domestic Poultry, Minnesota, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Tuesday, March 29, 2016
Ahead of Print -Microcephaly in Infants, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We studied the clinical characteristics for 104 infants born with microcephaly in the delivery hospitals of Pernambuco State, Brazil, during 2015. Testing is ongoing to exclude known infectious causes. However, microcephaly peaked in October and demonstrated central nervous system abnormalities with brain dysgenesis and intracranial calcifications consistent with an intrauterine infection.
Ahead of Print -Microcephaly in Infants, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Microcephaly in Infants, Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2015 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Wednesday, March 23, 2016
Ahead of Print -Expanding Distribution of Lethal Amphibian Fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Emerging fungal diseases can drive amphibian species to local extinction. During 2010–2016, we examined 1,921 urodeles in 3 European countries. Presence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivoransat new locations and in urodeles of different species expands the known geographic and host range of the fungus and underpins its imminent threat to biodiversity.
Ahead of Print -Expanding Distribution of Lethal Amphibian Fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Expanding Distribution of Lethal Amphibian Fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in Europe - Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Differences in Genotype, Clinical Features, and Inflammatory Potential of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Strains from Europe and the United States - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates from patients with erythema migrans in Europe and the United States were compared by genotype, clinical features of infection, and inflammatory potential. Analysis of outer surface protein C and multilocus sequence typing showed that strains from these 2 regions represent distinct genotypes. Clinical features of infection with B. burgdorferi in Slovenia were similar to infection with B. afzelii or B. garinii, the other 2 Borrelia spp. that cause disease in Europe, whereas B. burgdorferistrains from the United States were associated with more severe disease. Moreover, B. burgdorferi strains from the United States induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete higher levels of cytokines and chemokines associated with innate and Th1-adaptive immune responses, whereas strains from Europe induced greater Th17-associated responses. Thus, strains of the same B. burgdorferi species from Europe and the United States represent distinct clonal lineages that vary in virulence and inflammatory potential.
Ahead of Print -Differences in Genotype, Clinical Features, and Inflammatory Potential of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Strains from Europe and the United States - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Differences in Genotype, Clinical Features, and Inflammatory Potential of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Strains from Europe and the United States - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Astrovirus MLB2, a New Gastroenteric Virus Associated with Meningitis and Disseminated Infection - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Next-generation sequencing has identified novel astroviruses for which a pathogenic role is not clearly defined. We identified astrovirus MLB2 infection in an immunocompetent case-patient and an immunocompromised patient who experienced diverse clinical manifestations, notably, meningitis and disseminated infection. The initial case-patient was identified by next-generation sequencing, which revealed full-length genome sequences of astrovirus MLB2 in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, urine, and anal swab specimens. We then used specific real-time reverse transcription PCR to screen 943 fecal and 424 cerebrospinal fluid samples from hospitalized patients and identified a second case of meningitis, with positive results for the agent in the patient’s feces and plasma. This screening revealed 5 additional positive fecal samples: 1 from an infant with acute diarrhea and 4 from children who had received transplants. Our findings demonstrate that astrovirus MLB2, which is highly prevalent in feces, can disseminate outside the digestive tract and is an unrecognized cause of central nervous system infection.
Ahead of Print -Astrovirus MLB2, a New Gastroenteric Virus Associated with Meningitis and Disseminated Infection - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Astrovirus MLB2, a New Gastroenteric Virus Associated with Meningitis and Disseminated Infection - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Fatal Septicemia Linked to Transmission of MRSA Clonal Complex 398 in Hospital and Nursing Home, Denmark - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We describe 2 fatal cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex 398 septicemia in persons who had no contact with livestock. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolated MRSA strains strongly suggest that both were of animal origin and that the patients had been infected through 2 independent person-to-person transmission chains.
Ahead of Print -Fatal Septicemia Linked to Transmission of MRSA Clonal Complex 398 in Hospital and Nursing Home, Denmark - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Fatal Septicemia Linked to Transmission of MRSA Clonal Complex 398 in Hospital and Nursing Home, Denmark - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Malaria Hyperendemicity and Risk for Artemisinin Resistance among Illegal Gold Miners, French Guiana - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
To assess the prevalence of malaria among illegal gold miners in the French Guiana rainforest, we screened 205 miners during May–June 2014. Malaria prevalence was 48.3%; 48.5% of cases were asymptomatic. Patients reported self-medication with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Risk for emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance among gold miners in the rainforest is high.
Ahead of Print -Malaria Hyperendemicity and Risk for Artemisinin Resistance among Illegal Gold Miners, French Guiana - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Malaria Hyperendemicity and Risk for Artemisinin Resistance among Illegal Gold Miners, French Guiana - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Increased Rotavirus Prevalence in Diarrheal Outbreak Precipitated by Localized Flooding, Solomon Islands, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Flooding on 1 of the Solomon Islands precipitated a nationwide epidemic of diarrhea that spread to regions unaffected by flooding and caused >6,000 cases and 27 deaths. Rotavirus was identified in 38% of case-patients in the city with the most flooding. Outbreak potential related to weather reinforces the need for global rotavirus vaccination.
Ahead of Print -Increased Rotavirus Prevalence in Diarrheal Outbreak Precipitated by Localized Flooding, Solomon Islands, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Increased Rotavirus Prevalence in Diarrheal Outbreak Precipitated by Localized Flooding, Solomon Islands, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Clinical, Virologic, and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Dengue Outbreak, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We investigated a dengue outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 2014, that was caused by dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2. DENV infection was present in 101 (20.9%) of 483 patients. Patient age and location of residence were associated with infection. Seven (4.0%) of 176 patients were co-infected with malaria and DENV.
Ahead of Print -Clinical, Virologic, and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Dengue Outbreak, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Clinical, Virologic, and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Dengue Outbreak, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro Resistance to Monodesethylamodiaquine, Dakar, Senegal, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We successfully cultured 36 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from blood samples of 44 malaria patients admitted to the Hôpital Principal de Dakar (Dakar, Senegal) during August–December 2014. The prevalence of isolates with in vitro reduced susceptibility was 30.6% for monodesethylamodiaquine, 52.8% for chloroquine, 44.1% for mefloquine, 16.7% for doxycycline, 11.8% for piperaquine, 8.3% for artesunate, 5.9% for pyronaridine, 2.8% for quinine and dihydroartemisinin, and 0.0% for lumefantrine. The prevalence of isolates with reduced in vitro susceptibility to the artemisinin-based combination therapy partner monodesethylamodiaquine increased from 5.6% in 2013 to 30.6% in 2014. Because of the increased prevalence of P. falciparum parasites with impaired in vitro susceptibility to monodesethylamodiaquine, the implementation of in vitro and in vivo surveillance of all artemisinin-based combination therapy partners is warranted.
Ahead of Print -Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro Resistance to Monodesethylamodiaquine, Dakar, Senegal, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro Resistance to Monodesethylamodiaquine, Dakar, Senegal, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Q Fever, Scrub Typhus, and Rickettsial Diseases in Children, Kenya, 2011–2012 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
To increase knowledge of undifferentiated fevers in Kenya, we tested paired serum samples from febrile children in western Kenya for antibodies against pathogens increasingly recognized to cause febrile illness in Africa. Of patients assessed, 8.9%, 22.4%, 1.1%, and 3.6% had enhanced seroreactivity to Coxiella burnetii, spotted fever group rickettsiae, typhus group rickettsiae, and scrub typhus group orientiae, respectively.
Ahead of Print -Q Fever, Scrub Typhus, and Rickettsial Diseases in Children, Kenya, 2011–2012 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Q Fever, Scrub Typhus, and Rickettsial Diseases in Children, Kenya, 2011–2012 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011–2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
During 2011–2013, a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus infection occurred in the Philippines. The Asian genotype was identified as the predominant genotype; sporadic cases of the East/Central/South African genotype were detected in Mindanao. Further monitoring is needed to define the transmission pattern of this virus in the Philippines.
Ahead of Print -Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011–2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011–2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Associated with Chikungunya Virus Infection, Guadeloupe, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
During a 2014 outbreak, 450 patients with confirmed chikungunya virus infection were admitted to the University Hospital of Pointe-Ã -Pitre, Guadeloupe. Of these, 110 were nonpregnant adults; 42 had severe disease, and of those, 25 had severe sepsis or septic shock and 12 died. Severe sepsis may be a rare complication of chikungunya virus infection.
Ahead of Print -Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Associated with Chikungunya Virus Infection, Guadeloupe, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Associated with Chikungunya Virus Infection, Guadeloupe, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Fatal Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Woman, Mexico, 2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is a febrile illness caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks. In Mexico, a case of E. chaffeensis infection in an immunocompetent 31-year-old woman without tick bite was fatal. This diagnosis should be considered for patients with fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzyme levels.
Ahead of Print -Fatal Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Woman, Mexico, 2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Fatal Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Woman, Mexico, 2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Genetic Characterization of Archived Bunyaviruses and their Potential for Emergence in Australia - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
To better understand the diversity of bunyaviruses and their circulation in Australia, we sequenced 5 viruses (Gan Gan, Trubanaman, Kowanyama, Yacaaba, and Taggert) isolated and serologically identified 4 decades ago as members of the family Bunyaviridae. Gan Gan and Trubanaman viruses almost perfectly matched 2 recently isolated, purportedly novel viruses, Salt Ash and Murrumbidgee viruses, respectively. Kowanyama and Yacaaba viruses were identified as being related to members of a large clade containing pathogenic viruses. Taggert virus was confirmed as being a nairovirus; several viruses of this genus are pathogenic to humans. The genetic relationships and historical experimental infections in mice reveal the potential for these viruses to lead to disease emergence.
Ahead of Print -Genetic Characterization of Archived Bunyaviruses and their Potential for Emergence in Australia - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Genetic Characterization of Archived Bunyaviruses and their Potential for Emergence in Australia - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Plasmodium falciparum K76T pfcrt Gene Mutations and Parasite Population Structure, Haiti, 2006–2009 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Hispaniola is the only Caribbean island to which Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains endemic. Resistance to the antimalarial drug chloroquine has rarely been reported in Haiti, which located on Hispaniola, but the K76T pfcrt (P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter) gene mutation that confers chloroquine resistance has been detected intermittently. We analyzed 901 patient samples collected during 2006–2009 and found 2 samples showed possible mixed parasite infections of genetically chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive parasites. Direct sequencing of the pfcrt resistance locus and single-nucleotide polymorphism barcoding did not definitively identify a resistant population, suggesting that sustained propagation of chloroquine-resistant parasites was not occurring in Haiti during the study period. Comparison of parasites from Haiti with those from Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela reveals a geographically distinct population with highly related parasites. Our findings indicate low genetic diversity in the parasite population and low levels of chloroquine resistance in Haiti, raising the possibility that reported cases may be of exogenous origin.
Ahead of Print -Plasmodium falciparum K76T pfcrt Gene Mutations and Parasite Population Structure, Haiti, 2006–2009 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Plasmodium falciparum K76T pfcrt Gene Mutations and Parasite Population Structure, Haiti, 2006–2009 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Acute Human Inkoo and Chatanga Virus Infections, Finland - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Inkoo virus (INKV) and Chatanga virus (CHATV), which are circulating in Finland, are mosquitoborne California serogroup orthobunyaviruses that have a high seroprevalence among humans. Worldwide, INKV infection has been poorly described, and CHATV infection has been unknown. Using serum samples collected in Finland from 7,961 patients suspected of having viral neurologic disease or Puumala virus infection during the summers of 2001–2013, we analyzed the samples to detect California serogroup infections. IgM seropositivity revealed 17 acute infections, and cross-neutralization tests confirmed presence of INKV or CHATV infections. All children (<16 years of age) with INKV infection were hospitalized; adults were outpatients with mild disease, except for 1 who was hospitalized with CHATV infection. Symptoms included fever, influenza-like illness, nausea or vomiting, disorientation, nuchal rigidity, headache, drowsiness, and seizures. Although many INKV and CHATV infections appear to be subclinical, these viruses can cause more severe disease, especially in children.
Ahead of Print -Acute Human Inkoo and Chatanga Virus Infections, Finland - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Acute Human Inkoo and Chatanga Virus Infections, Finland - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Molecular Characterization of Canine Rabies Virus, Mali, 2006–2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We genetically characterized 32 canine rabies viruses isolated in Mali during 2006–2013 and identified 3 subgroups that belonged to the Africa 2 lineage. We also detected subgroup F rabies virus. This information should be useful for development of mass vaccination campaigns for dogs and eventual large-scale control programs in this country.
Ahead of Print -Molecular Characterization of Canine Rabies Virus, Mali, 2006–2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Molecular Characterization of Canine Rabies Virus, Mali, 2006–2013 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Wednesday, March 9, 2016
Tuesday, March 8, 2016
Ahead of Print -Perspectives on West Africa Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, 2013–2016 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
The variety of factors that contributed to the initial undetected spread of Ebola virus disease in West Africa during 2013–2016 and the difficulty controlling the outbreak once the etiology was identified highlight priorities for disease prevention, detection, and response. These factors include occurrence in a region recovering from civil instability and lacking experience with Ebola response; inadequate surveillance, recognition of suspected cases, and Ebola diagnosis; mobile populations and extensive urban transmission; and the community’s insufficient general understanding about the disease. The magnitude of the outbreak was not attributable to a substantial change of the virus. Continued efforts during the outbreak and in preparation for future outbreak response should involve identifying the reservoir, improving in-country detection and response capacity, conducting survivor studies and supporting survivors, engaging in culturally appropriate public education and risk communication, building productive interagency relationships, and continuing support for basic research.
Ahead of Print -Perspectives on West Africa Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, 2013–2016 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Perspectives on West Africa Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, 2013–2016 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Sunday, March 6, 2016
Ahead of Print -Infection, Replication, and Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Alpacas - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a recently emerged pathogen associated with severe human disease. Zoonotic spillover from camels appears to play a major role in transmission. Because of logistic difficulties in working with dromedaries in containment, a more manageable animal model would be desirable. We report shedding and transmission of this virus in experimentally infected alpacas (n = 3) or those infected by contact (n = 3). Infectious virus was detected in all infected animals and in 2 of 3 in-contact animals. All alpacas seroconverted and were rechallenged 70 days after the original infection. Experimentally infected animals were protected against reinfection, and those infected by contact were partially protected. Necropsy specimens from immunologically naive animals (n = 3) obtained on day 5 postinfection showed virus in the upper respiratory tract. These data demonstrate efficient virus replication and animal-to-animal transmission and indicate that alpacas might be useful surrogates for camels in laboratory studies.
Ahead of Print -Infection, Replication, and Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Alpacas - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Infection, Replication, and Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Alpacas - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -MERS-CoV Antibodies in Humans, Africa, 2013–2014 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Dromedaries in Africa and elsewhere carry the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). To search for evidence of autochthonous MERS-CoV infection in humans, we tested archived serum from livestock handlers in Kenya for MERS-CoV antibodies. Serologic evidence of infection was confirmed for 2 persons sampled in 2013 and 2014.
Ahead of Print -MERS-CoV Antibodies in Humans, Africa, 2013–2014 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -MERS-CoV Antibodies in Humans, Africa, 2013–2014 - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Projecting Month of Birth for At-Risk Infants after Zika Virus Disease Outbreaks - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
The marked increase in infants born with microcephaly in Brazil after a 2015 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKAV) disease suggests an association between maternal ZIKAV infection and congenital microcephaly. To project the timing of delivery of infants born to mothers infected during early pregnancy in 1 city in Bahia State, Brazil, we incorporated data on reported ZIKAV disease cases and microcephaly cases into a graphical schematic of weekly birth cohorts. We projected that these births would occur through February 2016. Applying similar projections to a hypothetical location at which ZIKAV transmission started in November, we projected that full-term infants at risk for ZIKAV infection would be born during April–September 2016. We also developed a modifiable spreadsheet tool that public health officials and researchers can use for their countries to plan for deliveries of infants to women who were infected with ZIKAV during different pregnancy trimesters.
Ahead of Print -Projecting Month of Birth for At-Risk Infants after Zika Virus Disease Outbreaks - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Projecting Month of Birth for At-Risk Infants after Zika Virus Disease Outbreaks - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Experimental Infection and Response to Rechallenge of Alpacas with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We conducted a challenge/rechallenge trial in which 3 alpacas were infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The alpacas shed virus at challenge but were refractory to further shedding at rechallenge on day 21. The trial indicates that alpacas may be suitable models for infection and shedding dynamics of this virus.
Ahead of Print -Experimental Infection and Response to Rechallenge of Alpacas with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Experimental Infection and Response to Rechallenge of Alpacas with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Saturday, March 5, 2016
Ahead of Print -Hypervirulent emm59 Clone in Invasive Group A Streptococcus Outbreak, Southwestern United States - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
The hyper-virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group A Streptococcus was identified in northern Arizona in 2015. Eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in New Mexico. The continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern United States poses a public health concern.
Ahead of Print -Hypervirulent emm59 Clone in Invasive Group A Streptococcus Outbreak, Southwestern United States - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Hypervirulent emm59 Clone in Invasive Group A Streptococcus Outbreak, Southwestern United States - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Adenovirus Type 7 Pneumonia in Children Who Died from Measles-Associated Pneumonia, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
During a 2014 measles outbreak in Vietnam, postmortem pathologic examination of hospitalized children who died showed that adenovirus type 7 pneumonia was a contributory cause of death in children with measles-associated immune suppression. Adenovirus type 7 pneumonia should be recognized as a major cause of secondary infection after measles.
Ahead of Print -Adenovirus Type 7 Pneumonia in Children Who Died from Measles-Associated Pneumonia, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Adenovirus Type 7 Pneumonia in Children Who Died from Measles-Associated Pneumonia, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Lassa Virus Seroprevalence in Sibirilia Commune, Bougouni District, Southern Mali - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Lassa virus (LASV) is endemic to several nations in West Africa. In Mali, LASV was unknown until an exported case of Lassa fever was reported in 2009. Since that time, rodent surveys have found evidence of LASV-infected Mastomys natalensis rats in several communities in southern Mali, near the border with Côte d’Ivoire. Despite increased awareness, to date only a single case of Lassa fever has been confirmed in Mali. We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of LASV exposure among persons in 3 villages in southern Mali where the presence of infected rodents has been documented. LASV IgG seroprevalence ranged from 14.5% to 44% per village. No sex bias was noted; however, seropositivity rates increased with participant age. These findings confirm human LASV exposure in Mali and suggest that LASV infection/Lassa fever is a potential public health concern in southern Mali.
Ahead of Print -Lassa Virus Seroprevalence in Sibirilia Commune, Bougouni District, Southern Mali - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Lassa Virus Seroprevalence in Sibirilia Commune, Bougouni District, Southern Mali - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Thursday, March 3, 2016
Ahead of Print -Effectiveness of a Mobile Short-Message-Service–Based Disease Outbreak Alert System in Kenya - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a text-messaging system used for notification of disease outbreaks in Kenya. Health facilities that used the system had more timely notifications than those that did not (19.2% vs. 2.6%), indicating that technology can enhance disease surveillance in resource-limited settings.
Ahead of Print -Effectiveness of a Mobile Short-Message-Service–Based Disease Outbreak Alert System in Kenya - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Effectiveness of a Mobile Short-Message-Service–Based Disease Outbreak Alert System in Kenya - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Severe Infections with Adenovirus 7d in 2 Adults in Family, Illinois, USA, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Human adenovirus 7d, a genomic variant with no reported circulation in the United States, was isolated from 2 adults with severe respiratory infections in Illinois. Molecular typing identified a close relationship with strains of the same genome type isolated from cases of respiratory disease in several provinces of China since 2009.
Ahead of Print -Severe Infections with Adenovirus 7d in 2 Adults in Family, Illinois, USA, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Severe Infections with Adenovirus 7d in 2 Adults in Family, Illinois, USA, 2014 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Definitive Hosts of Versteria Tapeworms (Cestoda: Taeniidae) Causing Fatal Infection in North America - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We previously reported fatal infection of a captive Bornean orangutan with metacestodes of a novel taeniid tapeworm, Versteria sp. New data implicate mustelids as definitive hosts of these tapeworms in North America. At least 2 parasite genetic lineages circulate in North America, representing separate introductions from Eurasia.
Ahead of Print -Definitive Hosts of Versteria Tapeworms (Cestoda: Taeniidae) Causing Fatal Infection in North America - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Definitive Hosts of Versteria Tapeworms (Cestoda: Taeniidae) Causing Fatal Infection in North America - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O157, England and Wales, 1983–2012 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
We evaluated clinical Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in England and Wales during 1983–2012 to describe changes in microbiological and surveillance methods. A strain replacement event was captured; phage type (PT) 2 decreased to account for just 3% of cases by 2012, whereas PT8 and PT21/28 strains concurrently emerged, constituting almost two thirds of cases by 2012. Despite interventions to control and reduce transmission, incidence remained constant. However, sources of infection changed over time; outbreaks caused by contaminated meat and milk declined, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing meat cross-contamination were effective. Petting farm and school and nursery outbreaks increased, suggesting the emergence of other modes of transmission and potentially contributing to the sustained incidence over time. Studies assessing interventions and consideration of policies and guidance should be undertaken to reduce Shiga toxin–producing E. coli O157 infections in England and Wales in line with the latest epidemiologic findings.
Ahead of Print -Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O157, England and Wales, 1983–2012 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Ahead of Print -Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O157, England and Wales, 1983–2012 - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
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