Ahead of Print -Asian Genotype Zika Virus Detected in Traveler Returning to Mexico from Colombia, October 2015 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Asian Genotype Zika Virus Detected in Traveler Returning to Mexico from Colombia, October 2015 - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Elevated Toxoplasma gondii Infection Rates for Retinas from Eye Banks, Southern Brazil - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

We found significantly higher incidence of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in eye bank specimens from Joinville in southern Brazil (13/15, 87%) than in São Paulo (3/42, 7%; p = 2.1 × 10E–8). PCR DNA sequence analysis was more sensitive at locus NTS2 than at locus B1; a high frequency of mixed co-infections was detected.



Ahead of Print -Elevated Toxoplasma gondii Infection Rates for Retinas from Eye Banks, Southern Brazil - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Microevolution of Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium during Epidemic, United Kingdom - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Microevolution associated with emergence and expansion of new epidemic clones of bacterial pathogens holds the key to epidemiologic success. To determine microevolution associated with monophasicSalmonella Typhimurium during an epidemic, we performed comparative whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis of isolates from the United Kingdom and Italy during 2005–2012. These isolates formed a single clade distinct from recent monophasic epidemic clones previously described from North America and Spain. The UK monophasic epidemic clones showed a novel genomic island encoding resistance to heavy metals and a composite transposon encoding antimicrobial drug resistance genes not present in other Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, which may have contributed to epidemiologic success. A remarkable amount of genotypic variation accumulated during clonal expansion that occurred during the epidemic, including multiple independent acquisitions of a novel prophage carrying the sopE gene and multiple deletion events affecting the phase II flagellin locus. This high level of microevolution may affect antigenicity, pathogenicity, and transmission.





Ahead of Print -Microevolution of Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium during Epidemic, United Kingdom - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Arenavirus Diversity and Phylogeography of Mastomys natalensis Rodents, Nigeria - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Mastomys natalensis rodents are natural hosts for Lassa virus (LASV). Detection of LASV in 2 mitochondrial phylogroups of the rodent near the Niger and Benue Rivers in Nigeria underlines the potential for LASV emergence in fresh phylogroups of this rodent. A Mobala-like sequence was also detected in eastern Nigeria.



Ahead of Print -Arenavirus Diversity and Phylogeography of Mastomys natalensis Rodents, Nigeria - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Conflict in Syria - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Conflict in Syria - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -MERS-CoV Infection of Alpaca in a Region Where MERS-CoV is Endemic - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -MERS-CoV Infection of Alpaca in a Region Where MERS-CoV is Endemic - Volume 22, Number 6—June 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Detection of Zika Virus in Semen - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Detection of Zika Virus in Semen - Volume 22, Number 5—May 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Lyme Disease in Hispanics, United States, 2000–2013 - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Hispanics comprise a growing portion of the US population and might have distinct risk factors for tickborne diseases. During 2000–2013, a total of 5,473 Lyme disease cases were reported among Hispanics through national surveillance. Hispanics were more likely than non-Hispanics to have signs of disseminated infection and onset during fall months.



Ahead of Print -Lyme Disease in Hispanics, United States, 2000–2013 - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Human Lymphadenopathy Caused by Ratborne Bartonella, Tbilisi, Georgia - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Lymphadenopathy and fever that developed in a woman in Tbilisi, Georgia, most likely were caused by a ratborne Bartonella strain related B. tribocorum and B. elizabethae. The finding suggests that thisBartonella strain could be spread by infected rats and represents a potential human risk.



Ahead of Print -Human Lymphadenopathy Caused by Ratborne Bartonella, Tbilisi, Georgia - Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Viremia Frequencies of a Novel Human Pegivirus Evaluation by using Bioinformatic Screening and PCR - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Next-generation sequencing has critical applications in virus discovery, diagnostics, and environmental surveillance. We used metagenomic sequence libraries for retrospective screening of plasma samples for the recently discovered human hepegivirus 1 (HHpgV-1). From a cohort of 150 hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive case-patients, we identified 2 persons with HHpgV-1 viremia and a high frequency of human pegivirus (HPgV) viremia (14%). Detection of HHpgV-1 and HPgV was concordant with parallel PCR-based screening using conserved primers matching groups 1 (HPgV) and 2 (HHPgV-1) nonstructural 3 region sequences. PCR identified 1 HHPgV-1–positive person with viremia from a group of 195 persons with hemophilia who had been exposed to nonvirally inactivated factor VII/IX; 18 (9%) were HPgV-positive. Relative to HCV and HPgV, active infections with HHpgV-1 were infrequently detected in blood, even in groups that had substantial parenteral exposure. Our findings are consistent with lower transmissibility or higher rates of virus clearance for HHpgV-1 than for other bloodborne human flaviviruses.



Ahead of Print -Viremia Frequencies of a Novel Human Pegivirus Evaluation by using Bioinformatic Screening and PCR - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Nosocomial Co-Transmission of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) and A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses between 2 Patients with Hematologic Disorders - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

A nosocomial cluster induced by co-infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) and A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) viruses occurred in 2 patients at a hospital in Zhejiang Province, China, in January 2014. The index case-patient was a 57-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had been occupationally exposed to poultry. He had co-infection with H7N9 and pH1N1 viruses. A 71-year-old man with polycythemia vera who was in the same ward as the index case-patient for 6 days acquired infection with H7N9 and pH1N1 viruses. The incubation period for the second case-patient was estimated to be <4 days. Both case-patients died of multiple organ failure. Virus genetic sequences from the 2 case-patients were identical. Of 103 close contacts, none had acute respiratory symptoms; all were negative for H7N9 virus. Serum samples from both case-patients demonstrated strong proinflammatory cytokine secretion but incompetent protective immune responses. These findings strongly suggest limited nosocomial co-transmission of H7N9 and pH1N1 viruses from 1 immunocompromised patient to another.



Ahead of Print -Nosocomial Co-Transmission of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) and A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses between 2 Patients with Hematologic Disorders - Volume 22, Number 4—April 2016 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC