Ahead of Print -Evolutionary and Ecological Characterization of Mayaro Virus Strains Isolated during an Outbreak, Venezuela, 2010 - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

In 2010, an outbreak of febrile illness with arthralgic manifestations was detected at La Estación village, Portuguesa State, Venezuela. The etiologic agent was determined to be Mayaro virus (MAYV), a reemerging South American alphavirus. A total of 77 cases was reported and 19 were confirmed as seropositive. MAYV was isolated from acute-phase serum samples from 6 symptomatic patients. We sequenced 27 complete genomes representing the full spectrum of MAYV genetic diversity, which facilitated detection of a new genotype, designated N. Phylogenetic analysis of genomic sequences indicated that etiologic strains from Venezuela belong to genotype D. Results indicate that MAYV is highly conserved genetically, showing ≈17% nucleotide divergence across all 3 genotypes and 4% among genotype D strains in the most variable genes. Coalescent analyses suggested genotypes D and L diverged ≈150 years ago and genotype diverged N ≈250 years ago. This virus commonly infects persons residing near enzootic transmission foci because of anthropogenic incursions.



Ahead of Print -Evolutionary and Ecological Characterization of Mayaro Virus Strains Isolated during an Outbreak, Venezuela, 2010 - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Transmission of Entamoeba nuttalli and Trichuris trichiura from Nonhuman Primates to Humans - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Transmission of Entamoeba nuttalli and Trichuris trichiura from Nonhuman Primates to Humans - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Alaria alata Mesocercariae among Feral Cats and Badgers, Denmark - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Alaria alata Mesocercariae among Feral Cats and Badgers, Denmark - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Spatiotemporal Patterns of Schistosomiasis-Related Deaths, Brazil, 2000–2011 - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

We analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of 8,756 schistosomiasis-related deaths in Brazil during 2000–2011 and identified high-risk clusters of deaths, mainly in highly schistosomiasis-endemic areas along the coast of Brazil’s Northeast Region. Schistosomiasis remains a neglected public health problem with a high number of deaths in disease-endemic and emerging focal areas.



Ahead of Print -Spatiotemporal Patterns of Schistosomiasis-Related Deaths, Brazil, 2000–2011 - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Methicillin-Susceptible, Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Brazil - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

We report characterization of a methicillin-susceptible, vancomycin-resistant bloodstream isolate ofStaphylococcus aureus recovered from a patient in Brazil. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus would indicate that this resistance trait might be poised to disseminate more rapidly among S. aureus and represents a major public health threat.



Ahead of Print -Methicillin-Susceptible, Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Brazil - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Familial Trichostrongylus Infection Misdiagnosed as Acute Fascioliasis - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Familial Trichostrongylus Infection Misdiagnosed as Acute Fascioliasis - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Influenza Virus Surveillance in Coordinated Swine Production Systems, United States - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

To clarify the epidemiology of influenza A viruses in coordinated swine production systems to which no animals from outside the system are introduced, we conducted virologic surveillance during September 2012–September 2013. Animal age, geographic location, and farm type were found to affect the prevalence of these viruses.



Ahead of Print -Influenza Virus Surveillance in Coordinated Swine Production Systems, United States - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Possible Role of Rickettsia felis in Acute Febrile Illness among Children in Gabon - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Rickettsia felis has been reported to be a cause of fever in sub-Saharan Africa, but this association has been poorly evaluated in Gabon. We assessed the prevalence of this bacterium among children <15 years of age in 4 areas of Gabon; the locations were in urban, semiurban, and rural areas. DNA samples from 410 febrile children and 60 afebrile children were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Overall, the prevalence of R. felisamong febrile and afebrile children was 10.2% (42/410 children) and 3.3% (2/60 children), respectively. Prevalence differed among febrile children living in areas that are urban (Franceville, 1.3% [1/77]), semiurban (Koulamoutou, 2.1% [3/141]), and rural (Lastourville, 11.2% [15/134]; Fougamou, 39.7% [23/58]). Furthermore, in a rural area (Fougamou), R. felis was significantly more prevalent in febrile (39.7% [23/58]) than afebrile children (5.0% [1/20]). Additional studies are needed to better understand the pathogenic role of R. felis in this part of the world.



Ahead of Print -Possible Role of Rickettsia felis in Acute Febrile Illness among Children in Gabon - Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Hendra Virus Infection in Dog, Australia, 2013 - Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Hendra virus occasionally causes severe disease in horses and humans. In Australia in 2013, infection was detected in a dog that had been in contact with an infected horse. Abnormalities and viral RNA were found in the dog’s kidney, brain, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Dogs should be kept away from infected horses.



Ahead of Print -Hendra Virus Infection in Dog, Australia, 2013 - Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

California hospital patients contract antibiotic-resistant 'superbug' | Fox News

A Los Angeles-area hospital said Wednesday that some of its patients contracted an antibiotic-resistant "superbug" that has been linked to a type of medical scope and infected dozens of people around the country.

Huntington Memorial Hospital said in a statement that it notified public health authorities after several patients who had procedures using Olympus Corp. duodenoscopes were found to have the resistant pseudomonas bacteria.

California hospital patients contract antibiotic-resistant 'superbug' | Fox News

Ahead of Print -Mortality Risk Factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak, South Korea, 2015 - Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

As of July 15, 2015, the South Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare had reported 186 case-patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea. For 159 case-patients with known outcomes and complete case histories, we found that older age and preexisting concurrent health conditions were risk factors for death.



Ahead of Print -Mortality Risk Factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak, South Korea, 2015 - Volume 21, Number 11—November 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Could We Cure HIV with Lasers? | Patience Mthunzi | TED Talks

Published on Aug 14, 2015

Swallowing pills to get medication is a quick, painless and often not entirely effective way of treating disease. A potentially better way? Lasers. In this passionate talk, TED Fellow Patience Mthunzi explains her idea to use lasers to deliver drugs directly to cells infected with HIV. It's early days yet, but could a cure be on the horizon?

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Medscape CME Activity - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Man dies from brain-eating amoeba in Oklahoma lake | Fox News

An Oklahoma man has died after contracting a waterborne disease while swimming in a local lake, the Oklahoma State Department of Health told OKCFox.com.

The man, referred to only as a Carter County resident, contracted Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare infection that derives from contact with Naegleria fowleri— also referred to as the brain-eating amoeba— while swimming in Lake Murray, a 5,700-acre lake in the south central part of the state.

Man dies from brain-eating amoeba in Oklahoma lake | Fox News

Ahead of Print -Incidence of Clinician-Diagnosed Lyme Disease, United States, 2005–2010 - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

National surveillance provides important information about Lyme disease (LD) but is subject to underreporting and variations in practice. Information is limited about the national epidemiology of LD from other sources. Retrospective analysis of a nationwide health insurance claims database identified patients from 2005–2010 with clinician-diagnosed LD using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes and antimicrobial drug prescriptions. Of 103,647,966 person-years, 985 inpatient admissions and 44,445 outpatient LD diagnoses were identified. Epidemiologic patterns were similar to US surveillance data overall. Outpatient incidence was highest among boys 5–9 years of age and persons of both sexes 60–64 years of age. On the basis of extrapolation to the US population and application of correction factors for coding, we estimate that annual incidence is 106.6 cases/100,000 persons and that ≈329,000 (95% credible interval 296,000–376,000) LD cases occur annually. LD is a major US public health problem that causes substantial use of health care resources.



Ahead of Print -Incidence of Clinician-Diagnosed Lyme Disease, United States, 2005–2010 - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Emerging Infections Program as Surveillance for Antimicrobial Drug Resistance - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Across the United States, antimicrobial drug–resistant infections affect a diverse population, and effective interventions require concerted efforts across various public health and clinical programs. Since its onset in 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program has provided robust and timely data on antimicrobial drug–resistant infections that have been used to inform public health action across a spectrum of partners with regard to many highly visible antimicrobial drug–resistance threats. These data span several activities within the Program, including respiratory bacterial infections, health care–associated infections, and some aspects of foodborne diseases. These data have contributed to estimates of national burden, identified populations at risk, and determined microbiological causes of infection and their outcomes, all of which have been used to inform national policy and guidelines to prevent antimicrobial drug–resistant infections.



Ahead of Print -Emerging Infections Program as Surveillance for Antimicrobial Drug Resistance - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -The US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

In 2003, surveillance for influenza in hospitalized persons was added to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program network. This surveillance enabled monitoring of the severity of influenza seasons and provided a platform for addressing priority questions associated with influenza. For enhanced surveillance capacity during the 2009 influenza pandemic, new sites were added to this platform. The combined surveillance platform is called the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET). FluSurv-NET has helped to determine the risk for influenza-associated illness in various segments of the US population, define the severity of influenza seasons and the 2009 pandemic, and guide recommendations for treatment and vaccination programs.



Ahead of Print -The US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Evaluating Epidemiology and Improving Surveillance of Infections Associated with Health Care, United States - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

The Healthcare-Associated Infections Community Interface (HAIC), launched in 2009, is the newest major activity of the Emerging Infections Program. The HAIC activity addresses population- and laboratory-based surveillance for Clostridium difficile infections, candidemia, and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Other activities include special projects: the multistate Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use Prevalence Survey and projects that evaluate new approaches for improving surveillance. The HAIC activity has provided information about the epidemiology and adverse health outcomes of health care–associated infections and antimicrobial drug use in the United States and informs efforts to improve patient safety through prevention of these infections.



Ahead of Print -Evaluating Epidemiology and Improving Surveillance of Infections Associated with Health Care, United States - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network—2 Decades of Achievements, 1996–2015 - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) provides a foundation for food safety policy and illness prevention in the United States. FoodNet conducts active, population-based surveillance at 10 US sites for laboratory-confirmed infections of 9 bacterial and parasitic pathogens transmitted commonly through food and for hemolytic uremic syndrome. Through FoodNet, state and federal scientists collaborate to monitor trends in enteric illnesses, identify their sources, and implement special studies. FoodNet’s major contributions include establishment of reliable, active population-based surveillance of enteric diseases; development and implementation of epidemiologic studies to determine risk and protective factors for sporadic enteric infections; population and laboratory surveys that describe the features of gastrointestinal illnesses, medical care–seeking behavior, frequency of eating various foods, and laboratory practices; and development of a surveillance and research platform that can be adapted to address emerging issues. The importance of FoodNet’s ongoing contributions probably will grow as clinical, laboratory, and informatics technologies continue changing rapidly.



Ahead of Print -Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network—2 Decades of Achievements, 1996–2015 - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Asymptomatic MERS-CoV Infection in Humans Possibly Linked to Infected Camels Imported from Oman to United Arab Emirates, May 2015 - Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

In May 2015 in United Arab Emirates, asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection was identified through active case finding in 2 men with exposure to infected camels. Epidemiologic and virologic findings suggested zoonotic transmission. Genetic sequences for viruses from the men and camels were similar to those for viruses recently detected in other countries.



Ahead of Print -Asymptomatic MERS-CoV Infection in Humans Possibly Linked to Infected Camels Imported from Oman to United Arab Emirates, May 2015 - Volume 21, Number 12—December 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Cultivation of an Adaptive Domestic Network for Surveillance and Evaluation of Emerging Infections - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Cultivation of an Adaptive Domestic Network for Surveillance and Evaluation of Emerging Infections - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -TickNET—A Collaborative Public Health Approach to Tickborne Disease Surveillance and Research - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

TickNET, a public health network, was created in 2007 to foster greater collaboration between state health departments, academic centers, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on surveillance and prevention of tickborne diseases. Research activities are conducted through the Emerging Infections Program and include laboratory surveys, high-quality prevention trials, and pathogen discovery.



Ahead of Print -TickNET—A Collaborative Public Health Approach to Tickborne Disease Surveillance and Research - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Ahead of Print -Twenty Years of Active Bacterial Core Surveillance - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) was established in 1995 as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program (EIP) network to assess the extent of invasive bacterial infections of public health importance. ABCs is distinctive among surveillance systems because of its large, population-based, geographically diverse catchment area; active laboratory-based identification of cases to ensure complete case capture; detailed collection of epidemiologic information paired with laboratory isolates; infrastructure that allows for more in-depth investigations; and sustained commitment of public health, academic, and clinical partners to maintain the system. ABCs has directly affected public health policies and practices through the development and evaluation of vaccines and other prevention strategies, the monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance, and the response to public health emergencies and other emerging infections.



Ahead of Print -Twenty Years of Active Bacterial Core Surveillance - Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC